pns_diff_pair.cpp

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/*
 * KiRouter - a push-and-(sometimes-)shove PCB router
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 CERN
 * Copyright The KiCad Developers, see AUTHORS.txt for contributors.
 * Author: Tomasz Wlostowski <[email protected]>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
 * Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
 * option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
 
#include <algorithm>
 
#include <geometry/shape_rect.h>
 
#include "pns_diff_pair.h"
#include "pns_router.h"
 
namespace PNS {
 
class LINE;
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR( ITEM* aPrimP, ITEM* aPrimN )
{
    m_primP = aPrimP->Clone();
    m_primN = aPrimN->Clone();
 
    m_anchorP = m_primP->Anchor( 0 );
    m_anchorN = m_primN->Anchor( 0 );
}
 
 
void DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::SetAnchors( const VECTOR2I& aAnchorP, const VECTOR2I& aAnchorN )
{
    m_anchorP = aAnchorP;
    m_anchorN = aAnchorN;
}
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR( const VECTOR2I& aAnchorP, const VECTOR2I& aAnchorN )
{
    m_anchorP = aAnchorP;
    m_anchorN = aAnchorN;
    m_primP = m_primN = nullptr;
}
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR( const DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR& aOther )
{
    m_primP = m_primN = nullptr;
 
    if( aOther.m_primP )
        m_primP = aOther.m_primP->Clone();
 
    if( aOther.m_primN )
        m_primN = aOther.m_primN->Clone();
 
    m_anchorP = aOther.m_anchorP;
    m_anchorN = aOther.m_anchorN;
}
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR& DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::operator=( const DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR& aOther )
{
    if( aOther.m_primP )
        m_primP = aOther.m_primP->Clone();
 
    if( aOther.m_primN )
        m_primN = aOther.m_primN->Clone();
 
    m_anchorP = aOther.m_anchorP;
    m_anchorN = aOther.m_anchorN;
 
    return *this;
}
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::~DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR()
{
    delete m_primP;
    delete m_primN;
}
 
 
bool DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::Directional() const
{
    if( !m_primP )
        return false;
 
    return m_primP->OfKind( ITEM::SEGMENT_T | ITEM::ARC_T );
}
 
 
DIRECTION_45 DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::anchorDirection( const ITEM* aItem, const VECTOR2I& aP ) const
{
    if( !aItem->OfKind ( ITEM::SEGMENT_T | ITEM::ARC_T ) )
        return DIRECTION_45();
 
    if( aItem->Anchor( 0 ) == aP )
        return DIRECTION_45( aItem->Anchor( 0 ) - aItem->Anchor( 1 ) );
    else
        return DIRECTION_45( aItem->Anchor( 1 ) - aItem->Anchor( 0 ) );
}
 
 
void DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::CursorOrientation( const VECTOR2I& aCursorPos, VECTOR2I& aMidpoint,
                                           VECTOR2I& aDirection ) const
{
    assert( m_primP && m_primN );
 
    VECTOR2I aP, aN;
 
    if( m_primP->OfKind( ITEM::SEGMENT_T ) && m_primN->OfKind( ITEM::SEGMENT_T ) )
    {
        aP = m_primP->Anchor( 1 );
        aN = m_primN->Anchor( 1 );
 
        // If both segments are parallel, use that as the direction.  Otherwise, fall back on the
        // direction perpendicular to the anchor points.
        const SEG& segP = static_cast<SEGMENT*>( m_primP )->Seg();
        const SEG& segN = static_cast<SEGMENT*>( m_primN )->Seg();
 
        if( ( segP.B != segP.A ) && ( segN.B != segN.A ) && segP.ApproxParallel( segN ) )
        {
            aMidpoint  = ( aP + aN ) / 2;
            aDirection = segP.B - segP.A;
            aDirection = aDirection.Resize( ( aP - aN ).EuclideanNorm() );
            return;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        aP = m_primP->Anchor( 0 );
        aN = m_primN->Anchor( 0 );
    }
 
    aMidpoint  = ( aP + aN ) / 2;
    aDirection = ( aP - aN ).Perpendicular();
 
    if( aDirection.Dot( aCursorPos - aMidpoint ) < 0 )
        aDirection = -aDirection;
}
 
 
DIRECTION_45 DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::DirP() const
{
    return anchorDirection( m_primP, m_anchorP );
}
 
 
DIRECTION_45 DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR::DirN() const
{
    return anchorDirection( m_primN, m_anchorN );
}
 
 
static DIRECTION_45::AngleType angle( const VECTOR2I &a, const VECTOR2I &b )
{
    DIRECTION_45 dir_a( a );
    DIRECTION_45 dir_b( b );
 
    return dir_a.Angle( dir_b );
}
 
 
static bool checkGap( const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN &p, const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN &n, int gap )
{
    SEG::ecoord gap_sq = SEG::Square( gap - 100 );
 
    for( int i = 0; i < p.SegmentCount(); i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < n.SegmentCount() ; j++ )
        {
            SEG::ecoord dist_sq = p.CSegment( i ).SquaredDistance( n.CSegment( j ) );
 
            if( dist_sq < gap_sq )
                return false;
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAY::Reverse()
{
    m_entryN = m_entryN.Reverse();
    m_entryP = m_entryP.Reverse();
}
 
 
bool DIFF_PAIR::BuildInitial( const DP_GATEWAY& aEntry, const DP_GATEWAY &aTarget,
                              bool aPrefDiagonal )
{
    SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN p = DIRECTION_45().BuildInitialTrace( aEntry.AnchorP(), aTarget.AnchorP(),
                                                           aPrefDiagonal );
    SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN n = DIRECTION_45().BuildInitialTrace( aEntry.AnchorN(), aTarget.AnchorN(),
                                                           aPrefDiagonal );
 
    int mask = aEntry.AllowedAngles() | DIRECTION_45::ANG_STRAIGHT | DIRECTION_45::ANG_OBTUSE;
 
    m_p = p;
    m_n = n;
 
    if( aEntry.HasEntryLines() )
    {
        if( !aEntry.Entry().CheckConnectionAngle( *this, mask ) )
            return false;
 
        m_p = aEntry.Entry().CP();
        m_n = aEntry.Entry().CN();
        m_p.Append( p );
        m_n.Append( n );
    }
    else
    {
        m_p = p;
        m_n = n;
    }
 
    mask = aTarget.AllowedAngles() | DIRECTION_45::ANG_STRAIGHT | DIRECTION_45::ANG_OBTUSE;
 
    if( aTarget.HasEntryLines() )
    {
        DP_GATEWAY t( aTarget );
        t.Reverse();
 
        if( !CheckConnectionAngle( t.Entry(), mask ) )
            return false;
 
        m_p.Append( t.Entry().CP() );
        m_n.Append( t.Entry().CN() );
    }
 
    if( !checkGap( p, n, m_gapConstraint ) )
        return false;
 
    if( p.SelfIntersecting() || n.SelfIntersecting() )
        return false;
 
    if( p.Intersects( n ) )
        return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
 
bool DIFF_PAIR::CheckConnectionAngle( const DIFF_PAIR& aOther, int aAllowedAngles ) const
{
    bool checkP, checkN;
 
    if( m_p.SegmentCount() == 0 || aOther.m_p.SegmentCount() == 0 )
    {
        checkP = true;
    }
    else
    {
        DIRECTION_45 p0( m_p.CSegment( -1 ) );
        DIRECTION_45 p1( aOther.m_p.CSegment( 0 ) );
 
        checkP = ( p0.Angle( p1 ) & aAllowedAngles ) != 0;
    }
 
    if( m_n.SegmentCount() == 0 || aOther.m_n.SegmentCount() == 0 )
    {
        checkN = true;
    }
    else
    {
        DIRECTION_45 n0( m_n.CSegment( -1 ) );
        DIRECTION_45 n1( aOther.m_n.CSegment( 0 ) );
 
        checkN = ( n0.Angle( n1 ) & aAllowedAngles ) != 0;
    }
 
    return checkP && checkN;
}
 
 
const DIFF_PAIR DP_GATEWAY::Entry() const
{
    return DIFF_PAIR( m_entryP, m_entryN, 0 );
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::BuildOrthoProjections( DP_GATEWAYS& aEntries, const VECTOR2I& aCursorPos,
                                         int aOrthoScore )
{
    for( const DP_GATEWAY& g : aEntries.Gateways() )
    {
        VECTOR2I midpoint( ( g.AnchorP() + g.AnchorN() ) / 2 );
        SEG guide_s( midpoint, midpoint + VECTOR2I( 1, 0 ) );
        SEG guide_d( midpoint, midpoint + VECTOR2I( 1, 1 ) );
 
        VECTOR2I proj_s = guide_s.LineProject( aCursorPos );
        VECTOR2I proj_d = guide_d.LineProject( aCursorPos );
 
        int dist_s = ( proj_s - aCursorPos ).EuclideanNorm();
        int dist_d = ( proj_d - aCursorPos ).EuclideanNorm();
 
        VECTOR2I proj = ( dist_s < dist_d ? proj_s : proj_d );
 
        DP_GATEWAYS targets( m_gap );
 
        targets.m_viaGap = m_viaGap;
        targets.m_viaDiameter = m_viaDiameter;
        targets.m_fitVias = m_fitVias;
 
        targets.BuildForCursor( proj );
 
        for( DP_GATEWAY t : targets.Gateways() )
        {
            t.SetPriority( aOrthoScore );
            m_gateways.push_back( t );
        }
    }
}
 
 
bool DP_GATEWAYS::FitGateways( DP_GATEWAYS& aEntry, DP_GATEWAYS& aTarget, bool aPrefDiagonal,
                               DIFF_PAIR& aDp )
{
    DP_CANDIDATE best;
 
    int bestScore = -1000;
    bool found = false;
 
    for( const DP_GATEWAY& g_entry : aEntry.Gateways() )
    {
        for( const DP_GATEWAY& g_target : aTarget.Gateways() )
        {
            for( bool preferred : { false, true } )
            {
                int score = preferred ? 0 : -3;
                score += g_entry.Priority();
                score += g_target.Priority();
 
                if( score >= bestScore )
                {
                    DIFF_PAIR l( m_gap );
 
                    if( l.BuildInitial( g_entry, g_target, preferred ? aPrefDiagonal
                                                                     : !aPrefDiagonal ) )
                    {
                        best.p = l.CP();
                        best.n = l.CN();
                        bestScore = score;
                        found = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
 
    if( found )
    {
        aDp.SetGap( m_gap );
        aDp.SetShape( best.p, best.n );
        return true;
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
 
bool DP_GATEWAYS::checkDiagonalAlignment( const VECTOR2I& a, const VECTOR2I& b ) const
{
    VECTOR2I dir( std::abs (a.x - b.x), std::abs ( a.y - b.y ) );
 
    return (dir.x == 0 && dir.y != 0) || (dir.x == dir.y) || (dir.y == 0 && dir.x != 0);
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::FilterByOrientation( int aAngleMask, DIRECTION_45 aRefOrientation )
{
    std::erase_if( m_gateways,
                    [aAngleMask, aRefOrientation]( const DP_GATEWAY& dp )
                    {
                        DIRECTION_45 orient( dp.AnchorP() - dp.AnchorN() );
                        return ( orient.Angle( aRefOrientation ) & aAngleMask );
                    } );
}
 
static VECTOR2I makeGapVector( VECTOR2I dir, int length )
{
    int l = length / 2;
    VECTOR2I rv;
 
    if( dir.EuclideanNorm() == 0 )
        return dir;
 
    do
    {
        rv = dir.Resize( l );
        l++;
    } while( ( rv * 2 ).EuclideanNorm() < length );
 
    return rv;
}
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::BuildFromPrimitivePair( const DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR& aPair, bool aPreferDiagonal )
{
    VECTOR2I majorDirection;
    VECTOR2I p0_p, p0_n;
    int orthoFanDistance = 0;
    int diagFanDistance = 0;
    const SHAPE* shP = nullptr;
 
    if( aPair.PrimP() == nullptr )
    {
        BuildGeneric( aPair.AnchorP(), aPair.AnchorN(), true );
        return;
    }
 
    const int pvMask = ITEM::SOLID_T | ITEM::VIA_T;
 
    if( aPair.PrimP()->OfKind( pvMask ) && aPair.PrimN()->OfKind( pvMask ) )
    {
        p0_p = aPair.AnchorP();
        p0_n = aPair.AnchorN();
 
        // TODO(JE) padstacks
        shP = aPair.PrimP()->Shape( -1 );
    }
    else if( aPair.PrimP()->OfKind( ITEM::SEGMENT_T | ITEM::ARC_T )
             && aPair.PrimN()->OfKind( ITEM::SEGMENT_T | ITEM::ARC_T ) )
    {
        buildDpContinuation( aPair, aPreferDiagonal );
 
        return;
    }
 
    majorDirection = ( p0_p - p0_n ).Perpendicular();
 
    if( shP == nullptr )
        return;
 
    switch( shP->Type() )
    {
    case SH_CIRCLE:
        BuildGeneric ( p0_p, p0_n, true );
        return;
 
    case SH_RECT:
    {
        int w = static_cast<const SHAPE_RECT*>( shP )->GetWidth();
        int h = static_cast<const SHAPE_RECT*>( shP )->GetHeight();
 
        if( w < h )
            std::swap( w, h );
 
        orthoFanDistance = ( w + 1 )* 3 / 2;
        diagFanDistance = ( w - h );
        break;
    }
 
    case SH_SEGMENT:
    {
        int w = static_cast<const SHAPE_SEGMENT*>( shP )->GetWidth();
        SEG s = static_cast<const SHAPE_SEGMENT*>( shP )->GetSeg();
 
        orthoFanDistance = w + ( s.B - s.A ).EuclideanNorm();
        diagFanDistance = ( s.B - s.A ).EuclideanNorm();
        break;
    }
 
    case SH_SIMPLE:
    case SH_COMPOUND:
    {
        BOX2I bbox = shP->BBox();
        int   w = bbox.GetWidth();
        int   h = bbox.GetHeight();
 
        if( w < h )
            std::swap( w, h );
 
        orthoFanDistance = ( w + 1 )* 3 / 2;
        diagFanDistance = ( w - h );
        break;
    }
 
    default:
        wxFAIL_MSG( wxString::Format( wxT( "Unsupported starting primitive: %d (%s)." ),
                                      shP->Type(),
                                      SHAPE_TYPE_asString( shP->Type() ) ) );
        break;
    }
 
    if( checkDiagonalAlignment( p0_p, p0_n ) )
    {
        int padDist = ( p0_p - p0_n ).EuclideanNorm();
 
        for( int k = 0; k < 2; k++ )
        {
            VECTOR2I dir, dp, dv;
 
            if( k == 0 )
                dir = makeGapVector( majorDirection, orthoFanDistance );
            else
                dir = makeGapVector( majorDirection, diagFanDistance );
 
            int d = std::max( 0, padDist - m_gap );
            dp = makeGapVector( dir, d );
            dv = makeGapVector( p0_n - p0_p, d );
 
            for( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
            {
                int sign = i ? -1 : 1;
 
                VECTOR2I gw_p( p0_p + sign * ( dir + dp ) + dv );
                VECTOR2I gw_n( p0_n + sign * ( dir + dp ) - dv );
 
                SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN entryP( { p0_p, p0_p + sign * dir, gw_p } );
                SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN entryN( { p0_n, p0_n + sign * dir, gw_n } );
 
                DP_GATEWAY gw( gw_p, gw_n, false );
 
                gw.SetEntryLines( entryP, entryN );
                gw.SetPriority( 100 - k );
                m_gateways.push_back( gw );
            }
        }
    }
 
    BuildGeneric( p0_p, p0_n, true );
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::BuildForCursor( const VECTOR2I& aCursorPos )
{
    int gap = m_fitVias ? m_viaGap + m_viaDiameter : m_gap;
 
    for( bool diagonal : { false, true } )
    {
        for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
        {
            VECTOR2I dir;
 
            if( !diagonal )
            {
                dir = makeGapVector( VECTOR2I( gap, gap ), gap );
 
                if( i % 2 == 0 )
                    dir.x = -dir.x;
 
                if( i / 2 == 0 )
                    dir.y = -dir.y;
            }
            else
            {
                if( i /2 == 0 )
                    dir = VECTOR2I( (gap + 1) / 2 * ( ( i % 2 ) ? -1 : 1 ), 0 );
                else
                    dir = VECTOR2I( 0, (gap + 1) / 2 * ( ( i % 2 ) ? -1 : 1 ) );
            }
 
            if( m_fitVias )
                BuildGeneric( aCursorPos + dir, aCursorPos - dir, true, true );
            else
                m_gateways.emplace_back( aCursorPos + dir, aCursorPos - dir, diagonal );
        }
    }
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::buildEntries( const VECTOR2I& p0_p, const VECTOR2I& p0_n )
{
    for( DP_GATEWAY &g : m_gateways )
    {
        if( !g.HasEntryLines() )
        {
            SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN lead_p = DIRECTION_45().BuildInitialTrace ( g.AnchorP(), p0_p,
                                                                         g.IsDiagonal() ).Reverse();
            SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN lead_n = DIRECTION_45().BuildInitialTrace ( g.AnchorN(), p0_n,
                                                                         g.IsDiagonal() ).Reverse();
            g.SetEntryLines( lead_p, lead_n );
        }
    }
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::buildDpContinuation( const DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR& aPair, bool aIsDiagonal )
{
    DP_GATEWAY gw( aPair.AnchorP(), aPair.AnchorN(), aIsDiagonal );
    gw.SetPriority( 100 );
    m_gateways.push_back( gw );
 
    if( !aPair.Directional() )
        return;
 
    // If we're at a "normal" angle (cardinal or 45-degree-diagonal), then add gateways that angle
    // the anchor points by 22.5-degrees for connection to tracks which are at +/- 45 degrees from
    // the existing direction.
 
    int    EPSILON  = 5;         // 0.005um
    double SIN_22_5 = 0.38268;   // sin(22.5)
    double SIN_23_5 = 0.39875;   // sin(23.5)
 
    auto addAngledGateways =
            [&]( int length, int priority )
            {
                SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN entryLineP;
                entryLineP.Append( aPair.AnchorP() );
                entryLineP.Append( aPair.AnchorP() + aPair.DirP().ToVector().Resize( length ) );
                DP_GATEWAY gwExtendP( entryLineP.CLastPoint(), aPair.AnchorN(), aIsDiagonal );
                gwExtendP.SetPriority( priority );
                gwExtendP.SetEntryLines( entryLineP, SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN() );
                m_gateways.push_back( gwExtendP );
 
                SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN entryLineN;
                entryLineN.Append( aPair.AnchorN() );
                entryLineN.Append( aPair.AnchorN() + aPair.DirN().ToVector().Resize( length ) );
                DP_GATEWAY gwExtendN( aPair.AnchorP(), entryLineN.CLastPoint(), aIsDiagonal );
                gwExtendN.SetPriority( priority );
                gwExtendN.SetEntryLines( SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN(), entryLineN );
                m_gateways.push_back( gwExtendN );
            };
 
    VECTOR2I delta = aPair.AnchorP() - aPair.AnchorN();
 
    if( abs( delta.x ) < EPSILON || abs( delta.y ) < EPSILON || abs( delta.x - delta.y ) < EPSILON )
    {
        addAngledGateways( KiROUND( (double) m_gap * SIN_22_5 ), 20 );
 
        // fixme; sin(22.5) doesn't always work, so we also add some lower priority ones with a
        // bit of wiggle room.  See https://gitlab.com/kicad/code/kicad/-/issues/12459.
        addAngledGateways( KiROUND( (double) m_gap * SIN_23_5 ), 5 );
    }
}
 
 
void DP_GATEWAYS::BuildGeneric( const VECTOR2I& p0_p, const VECTOR2I& p0_n, bool aBuildEntries,
                                bool aViaMode )
{
    SEG st_p[2], st_n[2];
    SEG d_n[2], d_p[2];
 
    const int padToGapThreshold = 3;
    int padDist = ( p0_n - p0_p ).EuclideanNorm();
 
    st_p[0] = SEG(p0_p + VECTOR2I( -100, 0 ), p0_p + VECTOR2I( 100, 0 ) );
    st_n[0] = SEG(p0_n + VECTOR2I( -100, 0 ), p0_n + VECTOR2I( 100, 0 ) );
    st_p[1] = SEG(p0_p + VECTOR2I( 0, -100 ), p0_p + VECTOR2I( 0, 100 ) );
    st_n[1] = SEG(p0_n + VECTOR2I( 0, -100 ), p0_n + VECTOR2I( 0, 100 ) );
    d_p[0] = SEG( p0_p + VECTOR2I( -100, -100 ), p0_p + VECTOR2I( 100, 100 ) );
    d_p[1] = SEG( p0_p + VECTOR2I( 100, -100 ), p0_p + VECTOR2I( -100, 100 ) );
    d_n[0] = SEG( p0_n + VECTOR2I( -100, -100 ), p0_n + VECTOR2I( 100, 100 ) );
    d_n[1] = SEG( p0_n + VECTOR2I( 100, -100 ), p0_n + VECTOR2I( -100, 100 ) );
 
    // midpoint exit & side-by exits
    for( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
    {
        bool straightColl = st_p[i].Collinear( st_n[i] );
        bool diagColl = d_p[i].Collinear( d_n[i] );
 
        if( straightColl || diagColl )
        {
            VECTOR2I dir = makeGapVector( p0_n - p0_p, m_gap / 2 );
            VECTOR2I m = ( p0_p + p0_n ) / 2;
            int prio = ( padDist > padToGapThreshold * m_gap ) ? 2 : 1;
 
            if( !aViaMode )
            {
                m_gateways.emplace_back( m - dir, m + dir, diagColl, DIRECTION_45::ANG_RIGHT,
                                         prio );
 
                dir = makeGapVector( p0_n - p0_p, 2 * m_gap );
                m_gateways.emplace_back( p0_p - dir, p0_p - dir + dir.Perpendicular(), diagColl );
                m_gateways.emplace_back( p0_p - dir, p0_p - dir - dir.Perpendicular(), diagColl );
                m_gateways.emplace_back( p0_n + dir + dir.Perpendicular(), p0_n + dir, diagColl );
                m_gateways.emplace_back( p0_n + dir - dir.Perpendicular(), p0_n + dir, diagColl );
            }
        }
    }
 
    for( int i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < 2; j++ )
        {
            OPT_VECTOR2I ips[2];
 
            ips[0] = d_n[i].IntersectLines( d_p[j] );
            ips[1] = st_p[i].IntersectLines( st_n[j] );
 
            if( d_n[i].Collinear( d_p[j] ) )
                ips[0] = OPT_VECTOR2I();
 
            if( st_p[i].Collinear( st_p[j] ) )
                ips[1] = OPT_VECTOR2I();
 
            // diagonal-diagonal and straight-straight cases - the most typical case if the pads
            // are on the same straight/diagonal line
            for( int k = 0; k < 2; k++ )
            {
                if( ips[k] )
                {
                    const VECTOR2I m( *ips[k] );
 
                    if( m != p0_p && m != p0_n )
                    {
                        int prio = ( padDist > padToGapThreshold * m_gap ? 10 : 20 );
                        VECTOR2I g_p( ( p0_p - m ).Resize( ceil( (double) m_gap * M_SQRT1_2 ) ) );
                        VECTOR2I g_n( ( p0_n - m ).Resize( ceil( (double) m_gap * M_SQRT1_2 ) ) );
 
                        m_gateways.emplace_back( m + g_p, m + g_n, k == 0 ? true : false,
                                                 DIRECTION_45::ANG_OBTUSE, prio );
                    }
                }
            }
 
            ips[0] = st_n[i].IntersectLines( d_p[j] );
            ips[1] = st_p[i].IntersectLines( d_n[j] );
 
            // diagonal-straight cases: 8 possibilities of "weirder" exists
            for( int k = 0; k < 2; k++ )
            {
                if( ips[k] )
                {
                    const VECTOR2I m( *ips[k] );
 
                    if( !aViaMode && m != p0_p && m != p0_n )
                    {
                        VECTOR2I g_p, g_n;
 
                        g_p = ( p0_p - m ).Resize( ceil( (double) m_gap * M_SQRT2 ) );
                        g_n = ( p0_n - m ).Resize( ceil( (double) m_gap ) );
 
                        if( angle( g_p, g_n ) != DIRECTION_45::ANG_ACUTE )
                            m_gateways.emplace_back( m + g_p, m + g_n, true );
 
                        g_p = ( p0_p - m ).Resize( m_gap );
                        g_n = ( p0_n - m ).Resize( ceil( (double) m_gap * M_SQRT2 ) );
 
                        if( angle( g_p, g_n ) != DIRECTION_45::ANG_ACUTE )
                            m_gateways.emplace_back( m + g_p, m + g_n, true );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    if( aBuildEntries )
        buildEntries( p0_p, p0_n );
}
 
 
DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR DIFF_PAIR::EndingPrimitives()
{
    if( m_hasVias )
    {
        return DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR( &m_via_p, &m_via_n );
    }
    else
    {
        const LINE lP( PLine() );
        const LINE lN( NLine() );
 
        SEGMENT sP( lP, lP.CSegment( -1 ) );
        SEGMENT sN( lN, lN.CSegment( -1 ) );
 
        DP_PRIMITIVE_PAIR dpair( &sP, &sN );
        dpair.SetAnchors( sP.Seg().B, sN.Seg().B );
 
        return dpair;
    }
}
 
 
bool commonParallelProjection( SEG p, SEG n, SEG &pClip, SEG& nClip )
{
    SEG n_proj_p( p.LineProject( n.A ), p.LineProject( n.B ) );
 
    int64_t t_a = 0;
    int64_t t_b = p.TCoef( p.B );
 
    int64_t tproj_a = p.TCoef( n_proj_p.A );
    int64_t tproj_b = p.TCoef( n_proj_p.B );
 
    if( t_b < t_a )
        std::swap( t_b, t_a );
 
    if( tproj_b < tproj_a )
        std::swap( tproj_b, tproj_a );
 
    if( t_b <= tproj_a )
        return false;
 
    if( t_a >= tproj_b )
        return false;
 
    int64_t t[4] = { 0, p.TCoef( p.B ), p.TCoef( n_proj_p.A ), p.TCoef( n_proj_p.B ) };
    std::vector<int64_t> tv( t, t + 4 );
    std::sort( tv.begin(), tv.end() ); // fixme: awful and disgusting way of finding 2 midpoints
 
    int64_t pLenSq = p.SquaredLength();
 
    VECTOR2I dp = p.B - p.A;
    pClip.A.x = p.A.x + rescale( (int64_t)dp.x, tv[1], pLenSq );
    pClip.A.y = p.A.y + rescale( (int64_t)dp.y, tv[1], pLenSq );
 
    pClip.B.x = p.A.x + rescale( (int64_t)dp.x, tv[2], pLenSq );
    pClip.B.y = p.A.y + rescale( (int64_t)dp.y, tv[2], pLenSq );
 
    nClip.A = n.LineProject( pClip.A );
    nClip.B = n.LineProject( pClip.B );
 
    return true;
}
 
 
double DIFF_PAIR::Skew() const
{
    return m_p.Length() - m_n.Length();
}
 
 
void DIFF_PAIR::CoupledSegmentPairs( COUPLED_SEGMENTS_VEC& aPairs ) const
{
    SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN p( m_p );
    SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN n( m_n );
 
    p.Simplify();
    n.Simplify();
 
    for( int i = 0; i < p.SegmentCount(); i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < n.SegmentCount(); j++ )
        {
            SEG sp = p.Segment( i );
            SEG sn = n.Segment( j );
 
            SEG p_clip, n_clip;
 
            int64_t dist = std::abs( sp.Distance( sn ) - m_width );
 
            if( sp.ApproxParallel( sn, 2 ) && m_gapConstraint.Matches( dist ) &&
                commonParallelProjection( sp, sn, p_clip, n_clip ) )
            {
                const COUPLED_SEGMENTS spair( p_clip, sp, i, n_clip, sn, j );
                aPairs.push_back( spair );
            }
        }
    }
}
 
 
int64_t DIFF_PAIR::CoupledLength( const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN& aP, const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN& aN ) const
{
    int64_t total = 0;
 
    for( int i = 0; i < aP.SegmentCount(); i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < aN.SegmentCount(); j++ )
        {
            SEG sp = aP.CSegment( i );
            SEG sn = aN.CSegment( j );
 
            SEG p_clip, n_clip;
 
            int64_t dist = std::abs( sp.Distance(sn) - m_width );
 
            if( sp.ApproxParallel( sn ) && m_gapConstraint.Matches( dist ) &&
                commonParallelProjection( sp, sn, p_clip, n_clip ) )
                total += p_clip.Length();
        }
    }
 
    return total;
}
 
 
double DIFF_PAIR::CoupledLength() const
{
    COUPLED_SEGMENTS_VEC pairs;
 
    CoupledSegmentPairs( pairs );
 
    double l = 0.0;
 
    for( const COUPLED_SEGMENTS& pair : pairs )
        l += pair.coupledP.Length();
 
    return l;
}
 
 
double DIFF_PAIR::CoupledLengthFactor() const
{
    double t = TotalLength();
 
    if( t == 0.0 )
        return 0.0;
 
    return CoupledLength() / t;
}
 
 
double DIFF_PAIR::TotalLength() const
{
    double lenP = m_p.Length();
    double lenN = m_n.Length();
 
    return (lenN + lenP ) / 2.0;
}
 
 
int DIFF_PAIR::CoupledLength ( const SEG& aP, const SEG& aN ) const
{
    SEG p_clip, n_clip;
    int64_t dist = std::abs( aP.Distance( aN ) - m_width );
 
    if( aP.ApproxParallel( aN ) && m_gapConstraint.Matches( dist )
            && commonParallelProjection ( aP, aN, p_clip, n_clip ) )
    {
        return p_clip.Length();
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
}